Cinematic scene of a Roman general (Scipio) watching huge fires burn in the distance at night.

The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 4: Scipio's Strategic Reversal in Iberia and Africa

The Hannibalic Paradox: Genius, Grand Strategy, and the Fall of Carthage 1 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 1: The Blood Oath and the Logistical Gamble 2 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 2: Cannae and the High Cost of Tactical Perfection 3 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 3: Why Hannibal's Grand Strategy Failed in Italy 4 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 4: Scipio's Strategic Reversal in Iberia and Africa 5 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 5: The Fateful Encounter and the Price of Punic Caution ← Series Home Publius Cornelius Scipio Roman general who defeated Hannibal ...

Detailed photorealistic image of two ancient generals meeting on horseback on a dusty plain.

The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 5: The Fateful Encounter and the Price of Punic Caution

The Hannibalic Paradox: Genius, Grand Strategy, and the Fall of Carthage 1 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 1: The Blood Oath and the Logistical Gamble 2 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 2: Cannae and the High Cost of Tactical Perfection 3 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 3: Why Hannibal's Grand Strategy Failed in Italy 4 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 4: Scipio's Strategic Reversal in Iberia and Africa 5 The Hannibalic Paradox – Part 5: The Fateful Encounter and the Price of Punic Caution ← Series Home 203 BC Hannibal's return to Africa ...