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Systems Thinking

The Biodiversity Budget, Part 2: The Sixth Extinction Rate

Applies the Ecosystem Dependency Ratio to documented species loss rates, showing that the IPBES-tracked decline of 1 million species is occurring while biodiversity investment remains orders of magnitude below the dependency it is supposed to finance.

The Biodiversity Budget, Part 1: The Services You Never Invoiced For

Traces the contested Costanza ecosystem service valuation and establishes the Ecosystem Dependency Ratio showing that the global economy extracts 340–1,300× more value from nature than it invests in its protection.