
The Powertrain Ledger: A Comparative Audit of Mobility's True Costs – The Powertrain Ledger – Part 1: Gasoline's Long Shadow
·1102 words·6 mins
Energy, Emissions & Environmental Accounting
Lifecycle Assessment
Comparative Powertrain Analysis
EV Break-Even
Hydrogen Efficiency
Carbon Accounting
Design Trade-Offs & Optimization Limits
Externalities & Lifecycle Displacement
Power, Policy & Dependency Structures
Systemic Fragility, Risk & Path Dependence
Deconstructs the complete cradle-to-grave carbon and energetic cost of the internal combustion engine, revealing the hidden burdens of refining, distribution, and deferred maintenance emissions.









