Exploring the inconvenient truths of the circular economy, from thermodynamic limits to systemic barriers, and how to build a more realistic and just system.
An exploration of how today's rich nations built their wealth using policies they now deny to developing countries, revealing the tale of two histories.
Uganda reduced its debt-to-GDP ratio from 96% to 28% after HIPC completion and has kept it there for twenty years. Botswana has never been in debt distress despite being a resource economy. Ecuador's 2023 Galápagos debt-for-nature swap saved $390 million in interest payments while funding marine conservation. The countries that escaped the debt architecture share five characteristics. None of them is luck.