Policy and Critique

Analyzing the welfare economics of defense programs, questioning whether systems like the F-35 serve public interests or concentrated private benefits.

Examining how advanced weapons systems like the F-35 create embedded dependencies that trade strategic flexibility for perceived security, while sovereign alternatives preserve autonomy.

How the collapse of the coffee economy forced the Rwandan regime to substitute incentives with systemic repression.

A critical analysis of how defense procurement decisions reveal deeper theories of state value, sovereignty, and economic welfare through the lens of two contrasting fighter jet programs.

A two-part series on the political economy of coffee in Rwanda and how its collapse contributed to the 1994 genocide.

Exploring how the choice between fighter jets like Gripen and F-35 reveals a state's theory of value in defense spending, from sovereign infrastructure to industrial policy.

How the Rwandan state transformed coffee cultivation into a tool for population monitoring and wealth extraction.

How to design constitutional systems that prevent tyranny by maintaining institutional strength, screening dangerous leaders, and creating redundant checks that make consolidation mathematically impossible.

Analyzing why some tyrannies endure for decades while others collapse within years, through the lens of coalition dynamics, succession challenges, and external shocks.

How power transforms personality, institutions decay systematically, and coalitions evolve through positive feedback loops that make tyranny self-reinforcing.