A critical exploration of the green energy transition's hidden costs, examining how lithium mining perpetuates colonial extraction while claiming sustainability.
The extraction of lithium from the 'Lithium Triangle' in South America represents one of the most significant interventions in the Earth's hydrological cycle.
The history of human progress is a record of material dependence where the era of dominance is named after the enabling substance: stone, bronze, and iron.
A critical analysis of how the green energy transition is creating new forms of concentrated power across minerals, technology, capital, geopolitics, and social inequality.
The Challenge Recapitulated # Over this series, we have examined Austria's energy system in detail. Let us summarize the key findings:
Current state:
Total primary energy: 1,381 PJ (~384 TWh) Fossil fuel share: 63% CO₂ emissions: ~70 Mt/year (energy-related) Current renewable electricity: ~70 TWh Target state:
Fossil fuel share: 0% CO₂ emissions: Near zero Required clean electricity: ~166 TWh