This series draws on classical texts including Plato's Crito, Thomas Hobbes's political theory, Buddhist philosophy, and works by René Descartes, David Hume, and John Locke. It serves as an introduction to how humanity's greatest crisis—consciousness itself—spawned the discipline of philosophy.
Anonymous. (1993). The questions of King Milinda (N. K. G. Mendis, Ed. & Trans.). Buddhist Publication Society. (Original work written c. 100 BC – AD 100).
Beauvoir, S. de. (1953). The second sex (H. M. Parshley, Trans.). Everyman's Library. (Original work published 1949).
Craig, E. (2002). Philosophy: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
Darwin, C. (1968). The origin of species (J. W. Burrow, Ed.). Penguin Books. (Original work published 1859).
Hobbes, T. (1991). Leviathan (R. Tuck, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1651).
Hume, D. (1975). Enquiries concerning human understanding and concerning the principles of morals (L. A. Selby-Bigge, Ed.; 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1748).
Mill, J. S. (1910). Utilitarianism, liberty, and representative government. J. M. Dent & Sons. (Original works published 1859-1863).
Nietzsche, F. (1967). On the genealogy of morals (W. Kaufmann & R. J. Hollingdale, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1887).
Plato. (1954). The last days of Socrates (H. Tredennick, Trans.). Penguin Books. (Original work written c. 399 BC).
Philosophy is sometimes criticized as too dangerous—a 'terrible explosive' that fundamentally alters civilization. Explore why lasting philosophy changes the course of human history.
What am I? Is consciousness a unique substance separate from matter, or are we purely physical beings? Explore dualism, materialism, idealism, and the Buddhist no-self doctrine.
How does the State acquire the authority to justify sweeping demands over its citizens? Explore contract theory, Hobbes, Locke, and the philosophical foundations of political authority.
Every person is already a philosopher to some degree. We all operate using inherent values that guide our lives. Explore the three fundamental questions that define human existence.