Systems and Innovation

Dive deep into lithium-ion battery recycling and circular economy strategies for energy storage materials, exploring sustainable electrode materials and closed-loop approaches for the clean energy transition.

A five-part series exploring circular economy principles in energy systems, from lithium batteries and solar power to biomass valorization and waste transformation.

Explore the circular economy revolution in energy systems through the expanded 10 R-framework, from refuse and rethink to re-mine, transforming linear consumption into sustainable resource loops.

Zhang Heng's seismoscope used an inverted pendulum to detect distant earthquakes and indicate their direction, pioneering seismological science in ancient China.

Archimedes and ancient engineers built mechanical planetariums (orreries) that encoded astronomical computation in bronze using differential gearing.

Heron of Alexandria's inventions, including the first steam turbine and programmable automata, demonstrated advanced mechanical automation and energy conversion in ancient times.

The South-Pointing Chariot used complex differential gearing to maintain orientation, demonstrating advanced mechanical computation for navigation in ancient China.

Exploring the sophisticated mechanical inventions of ancient civilizations, from the Antikythera Mechanism to Zhang Heng's seismoscope, revealing a lost tradition of mechanical computation and automation.

The discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism reveals the world's first analog computer, a sophisticated astronomical calculator from ancient Greece that simulated celestial movements with precision gears.

How Roman aqueducts used inverted siphons to cross valleys, demonstrating advanced understanding of pressure and hydraulics.