Lifecycle Economics & Industrial Power

Exploring the environmental and social impacts of repair restrictions, the role of salvage yards in circumventing digital locks, and the global implications for developing economies.

Examining the evolution to subscription models where features are rented rather than owned, and the policy battles pushing back against manufacturer control over product capabilities.

An exploration of the right to repair movement, examining how manufacturers use software locks and proprietary designs to control product lifecycles, from tractors to smartphones, and the battle for ownership rights.

Tracing the origins of repair restrictions, from John Deere's software-locked tractors to Apple's glued components, and how manufacturers shifted from selling durable goods to controlling product lifecycles.

The automotive industry built its empire on a single technology. Now, faced with electric disruption, stagnant markets, and 200 million Chinese e-bikes, that century-old business model is unraveling.

A four-part forensic series introducing the Scrappage Displacement Ratio to demonstrate that government vehicle scrappage programmes produce net global emission increases when the vehicles they retire are not destroyed but exported — displacing the remaining emissions and safety failures southward along established arbitrage trade routes.

Analyses the economics of formal vehicle dismantling, catalytic converter theft as a value-signal for unpriced recycling asymmetries, and the shredder residue disposal costs that the vehicle lifecycle's last act accumulates.

Examines the second- and third-lifecycle repair economies that sustain old vehicles in destination markets, and traces the knowledge erasure that software-locked modern vehicles represent for the informal mechanics keeping them running.

Maps the major vectors of the used vehicle export trade and documents the emissions, safety, and regulatory standards that vehicles bypass when they cross from high-income to low-income regulatory environments.

Introduces the Scrappage Displacement Ratio and applies it to the 2009 US Cash for Clunkers programme, showing that the domestic CO₂ savings were largely offset by import surges of equivalent vehicle classes into neighbouring markets.